Register a SA Forums Account here!
JOINING THE SA FORUMS WILL REMOVE THIS BIG AD, THE ANNOYING UNDERLINED ADS, AND STUPID INTERSTITIAL ADS!!!

You can: log in, read the tech support FAQ, or request your lost password. This dumb message (and those ads) will appear on every screen until you register! Get rid of this crap by registering your own SA Forums Account and joining roughly 150,000 Goons, for the one-time price of $9.95! We charge money because it costs us money per month for bills, and since we don't believe in showing ads to our users, we try to make the money back through forum registrations.
 
  • Locked thread
emanresu tnuocca
Sep 2, 2011

by Athanatos

quote:

According to Dead Sea Scrolls archaeologist, Yigael Yadin, Aramaic was the language of Hebrews until Simon Bar Kokhba's revolt (132 AD to 135 AD). Yadin noticed the shift from Aramaic to Hebrew in the documents he studied, which had been written during the time of the Bar Kokhba revolt. In his book "Bar Kokhba: The rediscovery of the legendary hero of the last Jewish Revolt Against Imperial Rome" Yigael Yadin notes, "It is interesting that the earlier documents are written in Aramaic while the later ones are in Hebrew. Possibly the change was made by a special decree of Bar Kokhba who wanted to restore Hebrew as the official language of the state" (page 181).

Adbot
ADBOT LOVES YOU

Kombotron
Aug 11, 2011

Randarkman posted:

Zionists basically "won" because all their Jewish ideological opponents, Bundists and Haredim (though many of them still exist, largely because of rapid growth of existing communities and formation of new ones, and they are becoming more zionist by the day, especially the sephardic variant in Israel), actually ended up facing this exact fate.

Proving Zionism correct. they thought there was a future in europe as an autonomous culutrual entity. they were both stupid and wrong.

hearing similar arguments coming from their spiritual successors today makes me cringe.

Kombotron
Aug 11, 2011

Cream_Filling posted:

hes also correct though (that's the joke?)

he isnt.

emanresu tnuocca
Sep 2, 2011

by Athanatos

quote:

According to Hebrew historian Josephus, Greek wasn't spoken in first century Palestine. Josephus also points out the extreme rarity of a Jew knowing Greek.[6]

Josephus wrote:

I have also taken a great deal of pains to obtain the learning of the Greeks, and understand the elements of the Greek language, although I have so long accustomed myself to speak our own tongue, that I cannot pronounce Greek with sufficient exactness; for our nation does not encourage those that learn the languages of many nations, and so adorn their discourses with the smoothness of their periods; because they look upon this sort of accomplishment as common, not only to all sorts of free-men, but to as many of the servants as please to learn them. But they give him the testimony of being a wise man who is fully acquainted with our laws, and is able to interpret their meaning; on which account, as there have been many who have done their endeavors with great patience to obtain this learning, there have yet hardly been so many as two or three that have succeeded therein, who were immediately well rewarded for their pains.

—Antiquities of Jews XX, XI
Josephus' testimony is also agreed by Yigael Yadin who points out that Aramaic was the lingua franca of this time period.[7]

In the first century AD, the Aramaic language was widespread throughout the Middle East. This is supported by the testimony of Josephus in the book The Jewish War.[8]

Josephus points out how people from what are now Iran, Iraq and remote parts of the Arabian Peninsula knew all about the war of the Jews against the Romans due to the books he wrote "in the language of our country", books which he then translated into Greek for the benefit of the Greeks and Romans:

I have proposed to myself, for the sake of such as live under the government of the Romans, to translate those books into the Greek tongue, which I formerly composed in the language of our country, and sent to the Upper Barbarians; Joseph, the son of Matthias, by birth a Hebrew, a priest also, and one who at first fought against the Romans myself, and was forced to be present at what was done afterwards, [am the author of this work].

—Jewish Wars (Book 1, Preface, Paragraph 1)
I thought it therefore an absurd thing to see the truth falsified in affairs of such great consequence, and to take no notice of it; but to suffer those Greeks and Romans that were not in the wars to be ignorant of these things, and to read either flatteries or fictions, while the Parthians, and the Babylonians, and the remotest Arabians, and those of our nation beyond Euphrates, with the Adiabeni, by my means, knew accurately both whence the war begun, what miseries it brought upon us, and after what manner it ended.

—Jewish Wars (Book 1 Preface, Paragraph 2)

Kombotron, once again, just spreads misinformation cause it gels well with his worldview, of course ancient hebrew was spoken in 1st and 2nd century judea, otherwise the claims that the Talmudic writers were more qualified to understand the texts than say the translators of the septuagint or modern scholars collapse almost immediately.

Kombotron
Aug 11, 2011

Randarkman posted:

yeah modern (rabbinical) Judaism evolved largely from the scholarly traditions of the mesopotamian jewish community after the destruction of the second temple destroyed the traditional center of the jewish faith. it ended up being very different from the sacrifice-oriented and hierarchical religion focused on the temple and the kingdom of solomon.

pretty difficult to rebuild the temple when there is a shrine to the moon gos there currently

Randarkman
Jul 18, 2011

Kombotron posted:

pretty difficult to rebuild the temple when there is a shrine to the moon gos there currently

cool. this happend like 400 years after rabbinical judaism became a thing though

emanresu tnuocca
Sep 2, 2011

by Athanatos
the simple fact k-tron is that modern judaism is talmudic and is derived from a specific sect that existed during Christ's time, Christ opposed that sect entirely and claiming that his own teachings are derived from the teachings of the Pharisees is bullshit, for all intents and purposes christianity and talmudic judaism are both competing sects that splintered from ancient judaism, and indeed, they were not the only sects. Just because Christianity converted a tons of gentiles and went to become far more successful than any other branch of judaism ever was doesn't mean it's a derivative of the more ethnocentric talmudic variety. These are really simple historical facts, it's a shame you got confused by some much misinformation you think they're not.

emanresu tnuocca
Sep 2, 2011

by Athanatos
Yisrael Yuval argues in his book "Two Nations in Your Womb" that claims of jewish primacy are not only ahistorical in that they ignore that many of the defining jewish ceremonies have appeared much later than is traditionally thought, but that many of them appear to adapted from christian practices and not the other way around.

I can't be arsed to dig up his book but he makes a pretty compelling case in regards to the fact that Passover and the Hagada seem to be derived from easter, maybe you could read it K-tron, I think there's a translation to English cause as we all know you can't actually speak hebrew yourself.

Kombotron
Aug 11, 2011

emanresu tnuocca posted:

Karaites had the right idea in discarding with the talmud and the rabbinate but of course their premise was still fundamentally false as they believed that the bible itself was a divinely sanctioned document.

spinoza jr. overhere

Kombotron
Aug 11, 2011

emanresu tnuocca posted:

Kombotron, once again, just spreads misinformation cause it gels well with his worldview, of course ancient hebrew was spoken in 1st and 2nd century judea, otherwise the claims that the Talmudic writers were more qualified to understand the texts than say the translators of the septuagint or modern scholars collapse almost immediately.

of course ud cite that ignorant bitch elon gilad. thankfully my main man natenyahoo just had a tizzle over with the pope over this and a bunch of smart professor types got involved and schooled gilad



quote:

Gilad starts his case by quoting John 20:16 where Mary Magdalene addresses Jesus as Rabbouni, “my master, my teacher.” Since the Hebrew word rabbi is widely known by specialists and the common reader alike, the assumption is made that rabbouni cannot be Hebrew and must be Aramaic. But the gospel writer called the word Hebrew, not Aramaic, and he was correct. Rabbouni is, in fact, excellent Mishnaic Hebrew. It is attested in Codex Kaufmann of Mishna Ta`anit 3.8. Mistaken conclusions like Gilad’s are perpetuated by wrong assumptions which lead to wrong expectations. A century of Israeli Mishnaic Hebrew scholarship has laid the foundation for a different perspective.

Three backdrops to the language situation of Judea and the Galilee in the first century should actually reverse the expectations regarding Jesus and his languages: The colloquial nature of Mishnaic Hebrew, the anachronistic and foreign character of the Aramaic Targum translations, and the exclusivity of Hebrew in story parables.

A common fallacy presents Hebrew usage in first century Judea and the Galilee as a strictly sacred, literary language, comparable to Latin in Medieval Europe. The notion that both Hebrew and Latin were monolithic is erroneous. During the Second Temple period, Hebrew had developed into two social dialects. The high register was a literary dialect used for prestigious communication, known today as “Late Biblical Hebrew,” the language of books like Ezra and Nehemia and much of the Qumran writings. The low register can be seen in works like the Copper Scroll from Qumran Cave 3, and in various papyri, graffiti, and inscriptions from the Second Temple period, as well as the tannaitic and amoraic writings of rabbinic literature. Already in 1908, M.H. Segal had pointed out to the scholarly world that Mishnaic Hebrew showed the marks of the internal development of a colloquial language - it was definitely not an artificial usage by a scholarly elite.

Secondly, it is argued that first century Judean and Galilean Jews needed a translation of the Hebrew Bible, the Aramaic Targums. The argument runs that the existence of the Aramaic Targums must mean that the people did not know Hebrew. However, the Targums served an interpretive interest beyond simple translation, a commentary that elucidated and expanded the plain text. Also, although many Aramaic writings are found among the Qumran community’s scrolls, except for the foreign (imported) Job and a potential text for a pilgrimage holiday, there is no Aramaic Bible. The Targum traditions that we have stem from the 2nd and 3rd century C.E. At this point in time, a widespread, first-century Aramaic Targum practice in Israel remains speculation and the evidence available, meager though it is, actually points away from such an assumption.

Parables are the third piece of the linguistic puzzle. Certain Jewish literary genres were always in Hebrew, one of which was the rabbinic story parable. In rabbinic literature, even within Aramaic contexts, the story parable was always given in Hebrew. The potential connection with Jesus is obvious, since Jesus, too, is frequently characterized as someone who taught the populace in parables. The parable genre was used for making a point that could be readily grasped by all levels of society. They were a popular literary genre, not “highbrow” or “elitist.”

Archaeology has also been heralded as decisive evidence in the Aramaic-only Jesus. According to Gilad: “In the Galilee, where Jesus lived, Aramaic had taken over by the time Jesus was born. In the south, in Judea, archaeological evidence shows that some pockets of Hebrew still remained during the first century C.E.” This is ironic. The real problem is that we have virtually no archaeological evidence for first century Semitic (Aramaic or Hebrew) languages in the Galilee. We do have Galilean names found in the south, and they are Hebrew!

All of the above is to point out that there are strong evidences that support the prime minister's comments on Jesus. Yes, in all probability Jesus did teach in Hebrew. Contra Gilad, Bibi's father, a historian, could be proud of his son. However, the pope countered that Jesus spoke Aramaic. He, too, is partially correct. The Gospel of Mark records at least two utterances in Aramaic, both in private healing accounts, Mark 5:41 and 7:34.

The problem arises when people try to push the issue into exclusivity, either one language or the other. This reaches the most problematic point on the words of the cross: “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?” (Matt 27:46, Mark 15:34). It is probable that Matthew's transliteration reflects the original form of the story, and that Mark is the one who has edited the sounds. Matthew appears to have Jesus referring to Psalm 22 either in Mishnaic Hebrew, or a mixed language, while Mark has Jesus speaking fully in Aramaic, similarly to the two healing accounts mentioned above. In any case, a few statements in Aramaic do not prove its exclusivity.

It is no longer questioned nor considered a viable option that only Aramaic was a colloquial language in the land in the first century. Hebrew was also a colloquial language and a candidate for any teaching with Jewish audiences throughout the land, and may be the primary candidate for such teaching. As for a mother tongue, we simply do not know enough to speak about any particular family situation anywhere in the country.

Why is there such an emphasis on an Aramaic-only Jesus? What is the sub-text that unifies many of those who suggest that Jesus taught in Aramaic? If Jewish teachers tended to use Hebrew in the first century, then a Jesus that teaches in Aramaic can be portrayed as “non-Jewish” or “less-Jewish.” Some will be comfortable with that. Historically, many Christians have wanted to emphasize a universal (and non-Jewish) orientation for the Church and an Aramaic-teaching Jesus fit that role model. Ironically, the same motive might have been comforting within a Jewish context: Jesus is not one of “our Jewish teachers” and incidentally, he did not even teach in our language. Both sides could miss the real Jesus.

A Hebrew and Aramaic-speaking Jesus challenges long-held misconceptions. And even if we disagree, Netanyahu and the pope demonstrated that we can begin discussing these issues amicably.

Randall Buth, PhD, is Director of the Biblical Language Center and a member of the Jerusalem School for Synoptic Research, a consortium of Christian and Jewish scholars who collaborate in studying Jesus and the Gospels. He is a co-editor of the recent book, The Language Environment in First Century Judaea, (edited by Randall Buth and R. Steven Notley), Jerusalem Studies in the Synoptic Gospels, Volume Two (Brill, 2014).

enjoy this wall of text about ancient languages and why im right and ur mostly wrong but also partially right

Kombotron
Aug 11, 2011

emanresu tnuocca posted:

Yisrael Yuval argues in his book "Two Nations in Your Womb" that claims of jewish primacy are not only ahistorical in that they ignore that many of the defining jewish ceremonies have appeared much later than is traditionally thought, but that many of them appear to adapted from christian practices and not the other way around.

I can't be arsed to dig up his book but he makes a pretty compelling case in regards to the fact that Passover and the Hagada seem to be derived from easter, maybe you could read it K-tron, I think there's a translation to English cause as we all know you can't actually speak hebrew yourself.

everyone knows that christians pilfered everything from pagans

keep digging up obscure fringe professors with hebrew names to really make me think

shlomo sand and gilad atzmon

all these people can die in a fire.

epic Kingdom Hearts LP
Feb 17, 2006

What a shame
Emanresu I'm thinking maybe you could shut the gently caress up and leave the thread

Everyone else please continue to post facts please tia

OXBALLS DOT COM
Sep 11, 2005

by FactsAreUseless
Young Orc

Cacodad posted:

Emanresu I'm thinking maybe you could shut the gently caress up and leave the thread

Everyone else please continue to post facts please tia

except hes like one of a handful of people here who actually knows his poo poo?

OXBALLS DOT COM
Sep 11, 2005

by FactsAreUseless
Young Orc

Kombotron posted:

Proving Zionism correct. they thought there was a future in europe as an autonomous culutrual entity. they were both stupid and wrong.

hearing similar arguments coming from their spiritual successors today makes me cringe.

yeah its not like the largest jewish population is outside of israel oh wai

Yaldabaoth
Oct 9, 2012

by Azathoth

Kombotron posted:

everyone knows that christians pilfered everything from pagans

They pretty much had to since Jesus didn't say poo poo about having holy days or other festivals. A religion where people just sit around loving God and loving their neighbor makes for a pretty boring religion

GROVER CURES HOUSE
Aug 26, 2007

Go on...
kombotron is once again making a persuasive argument against israel's existence

why do you hate jews kombo

why

Escape_GOAT
May 20, 2004

Doctor Dogballs posted:

you catch more jews with a spoonful of money than abucket of poo poo

Mexican Deathgasm
Aug 17, 2010

Ramrod XTreme
ive never hung out with many jews but I love them because before I had a Jewish bagel I though that bagels were just round bread, not magical creations of deliciousness

Frostwerks
Sep 24, 2007

by Lowtax

GROVER CURES HOUSE posted:

kombotron is once again making a persuasive argument against israel's existence

why do you hate jews kombo

why

redshirt
Aug 11, 2007

Reporting for shovel mission Sir.
The Jews never went to Egypt.

Masturbasturd
Sep 1, 2014
So I was at this fuckin Jewish deli and they had a sale on a popular flea medication, mycodex. This jagoff rabbi bumps into me and I drop my stuff and so does he.
In the confusion he asks "Is that yours?"
I answer "That may be mycodex, but that's your talmud!"


Thanks I'll be here all week; l'chaim.

Randarkman
Jul 18, 2011

redshirt posted:

The Jews never went to Egypt.

why do you say that? actually there was in fact a large scale migration (or an invasion) of semitic peoples into egypt around 1800 BC, settling on the east bank of the nile, they were known as "hyksos" by the egyptians and even controlled the entirety of egypt at one time. the hebrews could very well have been one of these peoples who went back and conquered canaanite lands at some later time, which could explain the importance placed on the time spent in egypt and sinai, and the whole part of the land they conquered being promised to them is not really all that different from the legends developed by other migratory people who settled a new land and displaced the natives (see lakota and black hills, and european settlers in the new world among many others).

this is mostly just speculation on my part of course.

redshirt
Aug 11, 2007

Reporting for shovel mission Sir.

Randarkman posted:

why do you say that? actually there was in fact a large scale migration (or an invasion) of semitic peoples into egypt around 1800 BC, settling on the east bank of the nile, they were known as "hyksos" by the egyptians and even controlled the entirety of egypt at one time. the hebrews could very well have been one of these peoples who went back and conquered canaanite lands at some later time, which could explain the importance placed on the time spent in egypt and sinai, and the whole part of the land they conquered being promised to them is not really all that different from the legends developed by other migratory people who settled a new land and displaced the natives (see lakota and black hills, and european settlers in the new world among many others).

this is mostly just speculation on my part of course.

Hyksos does not equal Hebrews, just like Phoenicians do not equal Hebrews.

monkey
Jan 20, 2004

by zen death robot
Yams Fan
Years ago while working on site, I gave my offsider some cash to go fetch a bacon and egg roll and a coffee for my breakfast. The only sandwich shop in the area was run by Jews, so instead of a bacon and egg roll, he came back with some soy based fake bacon poo poo on a bagel. This would have been fine, except that they charged more than double what a bacon and egg roll costs.

As I ate the piece of poo poo bagel, I had this brief moment of clarity and then got so mad I started yelling "YOU HAD ONE THING TO DO AND YOU hosed IT UP!" but it was pointless getting angry at Hitler, since he was long dead.

Randarkman
Jul 18, 2011

redshirt posted:

Hyksos does not equal Hebrews, just like Phoenicians do not equal Hebrews.

no, i didn't say so. i was just speculating. also no one is really sure who the hyksos were, beyond the fact that they were most likely semitic. also them migrating into egypt happened almost 1000 years before solomon and the kingdom of israel and judah. i can't really see how it would be impossible for the hebrews to be descended from one of the peoples who presumeably made up the hyksos, say as the result of one of these later conquering and settling canaan.

that does not mean that that is what actually happened, but the bible does indeed imply a connection between the hebrews and egypt (as well as mesopotamia, but thats another story), just because the bible is the religious text of christianity and judaism does not mean it should be discarded out of hand as a historical text.

josephus also speculated on the relationship between the hebrews and the hyksos, its a pretty natural thing to think about, because of the link to egypt in the bible and the fact that the hyksos is the most (only?) well known instance of large-scale semitic settlement in egypt.

e: there are people who think phoenicians are hebrews?

redshirt
Aug 11, 2007

Reporting for shovel mission Sir.

Randarkman posted:

no, i didn't say so. i was just speculating. also no one is really sure who the hyksos were, beyond the fact that they were most likely semitic. also them migrating into egypt happened almost 1000 years before solomon and the kingdom of israel and judah. i can't really see how it would be impossible for the hebrews to be descended from one of the peoples who presumeably made up the hyksos, say as the result of one of these later conquering and settling canaan.

that does not mean that that is what actually happened, but the bible does indeed imply a connection between the hebrews and egypt (as well as mesopotamia, but thats another story), just because the bible is the religious text of christianity and judaism does not mean it should be discarded out of hand as a historical text.

josephus also speculated on the relationship between the hebrews and the hyksos, its a pretty natural thing to think about, because of the link to egypt in the bible and the fact that the hyksos is the most (only?) well known instance of large-scale semitic settlement in egypt.

e: there are people who think phoenicians are hebrews?

The Phoenicians were Semitic. Like maybe the Hyksos - or were they the mysterious "Sea Peoples"?

Hell, Arabs are Semitic. Can't really say Hebrews founded Islam.

RonJeremysBalzac
Jul 29, 2004
Egypt was the only eastern Mediterranean civilization to survive the bronze age collapse. The record that it was precipitated by the "sea people" who's origins are mysterious.

After a battle when the Egyptians defeated the sea people, they tried to follow the usual ritual of collecting the penises of the enemy dead to count their numbers. They discovered the enemy was circumcised and this so horrified them that they collected their hands instead.

Jews did the bronze age collapse

Frostwerks
Sep 24, 2007

by Lowtax

redshirt posted:

The Phoenicians were Semitic. Like maybe the Hyksos - or were they the mysterious "Sea Peoples"?

Hell, Arabs are Semitic. Can't really say Hebrews founded Islam.

hebrews founded islam. there, i said it.

Randarkman
Jul 18, 2011

redshirt posted:

The Phoenicians were Semitic. Like maybe the Hyksos - or were they the mysterious "Sea Peoples"?

Hell, Arabs are Semitic. Can't really say Hebrews founded Islam.

never said they were the same people dude, 1000 years tends to change things up quite a bit.

RonJeremysBalzac posted:

Egypt was the only eastern Mediterranean civilization to survive the bronze age collapse. The record that it was precipitated by the "sea people" who's origins are mysterious.

After a battle when the Egyptians defeated the sea people, they tried to follow the usual ritual of collecting the penises of the enemy dead to count their numbers. They discovered the enemy was circumcised and this so horrified them that they collected their hands instead.

Jews did the bronze age collapse

pre-islamic arabs are also recorded to have practiced circumcision by the way.

Randarkman fucked around with this message at 04:37 on Sep 15, 2014

redshirt
Aug 11, 2007

Reporting for shovel mission Sir.

Randarkman posted:

never said they were the same people dude, 1000 years tends to change things up quite a bit.

And so my point stands: There's no historical corroboration of the Hebrews exodus from Egypt and thus a big part of the backstory might be BS.

a shiny rock
Nov 13, 2009

i bet moses didnt even part the red sea

etalian
Mar 20, 2006

redshirt posted:

And so my point stands: There's no historical corroboration of the Hebrews exodus from Egypt and thus a big part of the backstory might be BS.

It's not surprising since the jews are masters of telling tall tales.

Kyrie eleison
Jan 26, 2013

by Ralp
Fun fact Judaism and Zionism are the same thing. There is no distinction

BULBASAUR
Apr 6, 2009




Soiled Meat
I heard a rumor on NPR that Goku was jewish. Confirm/Deny?

redshirt
Aug 11, 2007

Reporting for shovel mission Sir.

Parallax Scroll posted:

i bet moses didnt even part the red sea

As if, right?


That said, I'm sure the Hebrews knew all about the Egyptians, given the influence. They were just trying to seem big in the day by claiming their God hosed up the Egyptians.

Randarkman
Jul 18, 2011

redshirt posted:

And so my point stands: There's no historical corroboration of the Hebrews exodus from Egypt and thus a big part of the backstory might be BS.

well, even if they actually did come out of egypt or sinai they might not even have been "hebrews" back then at all, since the bible is thought to have been written some hundreds of years before the birth of christ and hundreds of years after the death of solomon and well over one and a half thousand years since the only known major migration of (likely) semtitic people into egypt.

redshirt posted:

As if, right?


That said, I'm sure the Hebrews knew all about the Egyptians, given the influence. They were just trying to seem big in the day by claiming their God hosed up the Egyptians.

well the whole egypt thing goes deeper than just the exodus. theres also joseph being the vizier for the pharaoh and his family (his father being jacob, AKA israel, and him and his brothers forming the basis of the "twelve tribes of israel") migrating into egypt and all that crap.

Randarkman fucked around with this message at 04:48 on Sep 15, 2014

BULBASAUR
Apr 6, 2009




Soiled Meat
IF Moses was Jewish and so was Goku then it's possible moses parted a sea using an energy attack

a shiny rock
Nov 13, 2009

BULBASAUR posted:

IF Moses was Jewish and so was Goku then it's possible moses parted a sea using an energy attack

plausible

BULBASAUR
Apr 6, 2009




Soiled Meat
artist rendition

Adbot
ADBOT LOVES YOU

Squashing Machine
Jul 5, 2005

I mean boning, the wild mambo, the hunka chunka

Lumpy the Cook posted:

-Has no style
-Has no grace
-Has a funny face
-Can handstand when he needs to
-Can stretch his arms out just for you
-Inflates himself just like a balloon
-Crazy Kong
-Just digs this tune

  • Locked thread