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taylor
Nov 21, 2004

cjksutherland posted:

I'm curious, with no disrespect intended, where you draw the line between someone that's just unmotivated and inattentive and someone that has ADHD. Surely not everyone that's a lazy slacker has ADHD, so what makes one different from the other?

As far as diagnostic criteria go it's a matter of the severity of symptoms. People with ADHD also often have dyslexia or hearing issues too, but ignoring stuff like this, it's severity. What's the difference between feeling sad and being clinically depressed, between OCD and and a clean freak, etc? In all of these cases, it's mostly a difference of severity.

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taylor
Nov 21, 2004

Qu Appelle posted:

I would love to see a cite on this, especially when it comes to hearing. I'm not questioning you, I just want to read more about it. Because I know my hearing and audio processing is 'off', and it's not just due to metal shows. It would explain a lot.
Do you also not get the cocktail party effect? Anyways, I heard it from an ADHD specialist. A quick search pulled up the following.

quote:

Auditory processing disorder versus attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder - A dysfunction complex or different entities?

Author(s): Ptok M, Buller N, Schwemmle C, Bergmann C, Luerssen K
Source: HNO Volume: 54 Issue: 5 Pages: 405-+ Published: MAY 2006

Abstract: It has been suggested that auditory processing disorders (APD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) may be the same entity with slightly differing symptoms. For testing this theory we compared parents' ratings of APD and ADHD behavioural characteristics.

A retrospective study was carried out with parents rating 312 children (113 girls and 199 boys; 6.0-9.11 years old, nonverbal intelligence IQ 95 or above) using APD and ADHD questionnaires.

Significant, albeit weak correlations between several APD and ADHD subscale scores were found. Correlations between selective listening and attention behaviours approximated clinical relevance (rho > 0.4). Factor analysis revealed two factors with APD behaviour loading on one and ADHD behaviour on a second different factor. Using a categorical approach, it appears that ADHD children have significantly more APD problems than children without ADHD.

These data are consistent with the hypothesis that APD and ADHD overlap partly while still being distinct entities. In addition to dimensional aspects, the parents' rating may provide a guideline for establishing a diagnosis based on categorical distinctions.

Interestingly, I also noticed this study when scrolling through the search results.

quote:


Listen to the noise: noise is beneficial for cognitive performance in ADHD

Author(s): Soderlund G (Soderlund, Goran), Sikstrom S (Sikstrom, Sverker), Smart A (Smart, Andrew)
Source: JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY Volume: 48 Issue: 8 Pages: 840-847 Published: AUG 2007

Abstract:

Background: Noise is typically conceived of as being detrimental to cognitive performance. However, given the mechanism of stochastic resonance, a certain amount of noise can benefit performance. We investigate cognitive performance in noisy environments in relation to a neurocomputational model of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and dopamine. The Moderate Brain Arousal model (MBA; Sikstrom & Soderlund, 2007) suggests that dopamine levels modulate how much noise is required for optimal cognitive performance. We experimentally examine how ADHD and control children respond to different encoding conditions, providing different levels of environmental stimulation.

Methods: Participants carried out self-performed mini tasks (SPT), as a high memory performance task, and a verbal task (VT), as a low memory task. These tasks were performed in the presence, or absence, of auditory white noise. Results: Noise exerted a positive effect on cognitive performance for the ADHD group and deteriorated performance for the control group, indicating that ADHD subjects need more noise than controls for optimal cognitive performance.

Conclusions: The positive effect of white noise is explained by the phenomenon of stochastic resonance (SR), i.e., the phenomenon that moderate noise facilitates cognitive performance. The MBA model suggests that noise in the environment, introduces internal noise into the neural system through the perceptual system. This noise induces SR in the neurotransmitter systems and makes this noise beneficial for cognitive performance. In particular, the peak of the SR curve depends on the dopamine level, so that participants with low dopamine levels (ADHD) require more noise for optimal cognitive performance compared to controls.

taylor
Nov 21, 2004
Does anyone happen to know the neural basis for the auditory processing problems with people with ADHD?

taylor
Nov 21, 2004

maXilla posted:

Hey thread! I've been diagnosed with ADHD and have been prescribed multiple medications from 4th to 9th grade. I stopped and haven't had anything since. Is this bad? Is this why I'm unemployed? I hated how the pills made me act. :v:

Lots of people are able to discontinue medication when they get older

taylor
Nov 21, 2004

Qu Appelle posted:

So now, when the Dex wears off, I can no longer adequately move my left arm :toot:.

Another thought is that this also didn't start happening until I went off my mega, 100,000 IU dose of Vitamin D a week.

What do you mean, you can no longer adequately move it?

There is only one thing I can think of that would link these three things, and that's Parkinson's Disease. You can treat some of the symptoms with amphetamines, it's associated with low Vitamin D levels, and a primary symptom is certain difficulty moving limbs (examples: rigidity, tremors, lack of ability for precise movements) and it usually starts in just one limb. But this all may be a coincidence, or a strange temporary thing, or who knows, it's probably nothing (I'm no doctor).

edit: Actually in your earlier posts you say you have hereditary spastic paraparesis so that's probably it, I have no idea what that is though (apparently it can be many things, and affects lower limbs primarily and sometimes also upper limbs).

taylor fucked around with this message at 17:11 on May 10, 2011

taylor
Nov 21, 2004

opie posted:

Two things.

Why do you think he would only be affected by ADD at school, but not home? Just curious because I have a kid and wonder about the behavior differences.

Why does intelligence have anything to do with ADD? Almost everyone who claims to have ADD also claims to have superior intelligence. It could just be a thing on this forum I guess, but it seems like a lot of people can't talk about their or their kid's ADD without also pointing out their genius potential. It's almost as if it's become a diagnostic criterium. While it might be a nice stereotype, it's not always true.

Historical factoid: George Still did the first real study on children with ADHD (aka "moral idiots" at the time) in about 1902, and this is one of the things he noticed. These children seem to do okay in one environment, and worse at another. When they change schools, they start off doing really quite well, and then the behavior problems come back.

The intelligence thing is maybe just because of the contrast between when the child is really focusing versus when they are not, since instead of running the range between doing great and terribly (usually around average though), they either perform great or terribly without much in between.

quote:

Also, part of ADHD is about performance variance across a diverse variety of tasks within different "spheres" (home/work/school/general social). People who are generally less intelligent are probably less likely to have as much variance imposed from ADHD impairment to be noticed for a possible diagnosis. While I wouldn't say it's a diagnostic criterion itself, it makes things more pronounced and noticeable.

quote:

III. Some impairment from the symptoms is present in two or more settings (e.g. at school/work and at home).
It's clear that III is there rule out a specific environmental cause, like if a child only has ADHD symptoms in music class, it's probably not ADHD. Maybe they hate music class, or their fellow instrument players, etc. If it's in music class and in math class (two different settings???), then maybe it is ADHD after all.

taylor
Nov 21, 2004
Lots of people have come into this thread saying they have had similar experiences as others and it's of some interest more generally, although it has (like every megathread) turned into a discussion mostly of a few regulars. Many people earlier on came in asking whether they might have it, and this often comes from reading the posts of others in the thread and normal Ask/Tell stuff about the disorder. Look at Involuntary Sparkle's post for instance

quote:

So I've lurked just a tiny bit in this thread but I'm going to start following it more closely now.

I've had attention and organization issues since at least 12 years old but I've been smart enough to fake it. I've cried over reading posts in this thread since it sounds just like me. I could have written some of these posts.

There is a reason why 90% of threads in TGD have under 8 posts. And there's a reason why there are no megathreads about anything except all psychiatric medications in general and the stickied med school threads. Hiding it in a forum like the goon doctor will make it so posts like this one never happens again (as they did for a good portion of the thread, with people asking about the disorder and symptoms and such), except in the off chance that someone has a weird rash and they just so happen to see the topic when they are going to post about it.

If this thread is not appropriate for Ask/Tell, then it might as well be locked and people can post in The Crackhead Clubhouse Adderall thread instead when they want to talk about specific medications, although most of the posts are about people crushing ritalin and snorting it to get high, and how it compares to cocaine etc, and it's not a very good forum for medical issues.

taylor
Nov 21, 2004

Kylra posted:

Ritalin/methylphenidate has been used far longer than the amphetamines (of which Adderall was the first) so you're technically incorrect. I found a few sources that say Adderall (amphetamine) was only FDA approved in 2001 vs Ritalin in 1955.

Maybe that's so, but the FDA's history here is beside the point. The American Medical Association approved amphetamine salts tablets (Benzedrine/Adderall) for treating minimal brain dysfunction (aka ADHD) in 1937 (by prescription only). This is two decades before methylphenidate (Ritalin) would be used for treating ADHD, even before it was first synthesized.

edit: Not that amphetamines weren't banned for awhile and only re-approved (this time via the FDA) long after ritalin was. This of course explains why some doctors are all weird about it -- they got their degree before 2001 or so and probably aren't keeping up.

taylor fucked around with this message at 15:50 on May 14, 2011

taylor
Nov 21, 2004

fagalicious posted:

I've tried both. On an empty stomach it doesn't seem to work long at all, on a full stomach it works but still not long. I read something about grinding it up and mixing it with peanut butter to keep it in the stomach longer somewhere on google, but I don't know if that would work well either.

For insurance purposes, there is often a "Special Authorization" request form you can fill out to have a non-covered piece of medication covered. These are used to get extremely expensive medications covered, or non-standard treatments that aren't normally covered, covered. Call your insurance company (or go to their website) and learn what can be done in this case. Usually this involves filling out a form where you explain why this specific medication (the patch) is necessary, and what other treatments have failed, and list anything exceptional about your case (i.e., the gastric bypass).

taylor
Nov 21, 2004

Eamonn posted:

My Dr. gave me a 'sample' prescription of Concerta, consisting of 5x18mg, 5x27mg, 5x36 and 5x54mg (I think) I'm nearly done the prescription, and I think the 36mg is the key dose, once a day. I tried a 54mg today for the first time and it made me very nervous and sweaty all day, as well as making me nearly vomit at the gym.

Before school starts again, I would like to try some different medication to see what works best. A lot of people here speak well of Adderall, can anyone shed some insight in to the differences between the two? (Concerta & Adderall) Or make a suggestion regarding something else I should try? Vyvanse is one I hear frequently too.

Here's the catch with trying Adderall: It has a "honeymoon" period. For the first week or so, it will work extremely well, and you will be very impressed and it will be great, and then it will stop working extremely well. In my opinion, if Concerta is inadequate for you after awhile because of certain side effects you don't like, then try Adderall. And if you do try Adderall, give it 3 weeks before you can assess it.

taylor
Nov 21, 2004

Kuri posted:

I just so happen to work in civil rights for...someone in the US.

The article, while formerly true, is now wrong. While there are some limitations on liability under the Americans with Disabilities Act (as amended by the...Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act [ADAAA]) for smaller employers (14 or less), the majority of employers have some major requirements to provide accommodations for employees with disabilities.

The ADAAA of 2008 (with final rule-making guidelines issued by the EEOC earlier this year) was enacted specifically to protect the broad definition of disability, codify the near disregard for consideration of mitigating factors when determining if a medical condition rises to the level of disability, and several other factors.

Still, the requests for accommodations often must justify each particular one. For example when writing the Graduate Record Examination (GRE), you must have a professional explain and justify why each accommodation is necessary given a corresponding impairment. If you have ADHD but have no concentration impairment because successfully medicated, you do not need extra time to mitigate a disruption in concentration, because once medicated there is no disruption in concentration to accommodate or mitigate in the first place.

taylor
Nov 21, 2004

blueblaze posted:

This is such a joke. It's only the fourth day on this dosage and I've returned to my regular self.

They should write on the bottle that some initial effects wear off quickly. There's a temporary amazing boost to your mood and drive to get things done, and then when it goes away you will have to put some effort into doing things again. Even the weight loss effect is temporary. But some effects are more or less permanent: you can stay on task longer once you've begun it, etc.

taylor
Nov 21, 2004

Bleusman posted:

I've been taking 10mg Adderall XR for a year now, but I decided that I wanted to take the summer off of the drug - just a general feeling that it's not a sustainable medication and I have to have built some other ways to deal with the lack of focus. I was worried, too, that it was blunting me emotionally. Unfortunately, even with the low dose, I'm being kicked in the chest with endless fatigue, a really deep depression, and the total dissolution of all of my social skills. I've been off for over a week, so I would assume the withdrawal effects would go away but I guess that's not the case. I'm seeing my doctor later this week, but I'm worried he's going to peg me for an addict and refuse to write another prescription. (He'd expressed concern for a while that I was taking the medicine on the weekends.) I wonder if some of the effects could have come from an underlying depression that the Adderall was covering up to some extent - I'd had a couple of depressive episodes before discontinuing the meds, but nothing like this.

Anyone have any similar experiences? It kills me that I feel like I can't survive without the medicine.
Well first of all, many people take a lot more than this (up to 30mg instant release twice a day, for instance), and take it every day. So I don't understand the concern for taking it on the weekends, or telling your doctor that you would prefer constant treatment. Second, maybe you could try going up to 5mg XR once a day for a couple weeks, then go off it for the rest of summer. Though personally, I don't see why you would want to do that. Why be less productive and happy overall when the alternative has nothing against it but a general feeling that you ought to do it some other way?

Not sure what to make of the other issues you have, but they may be a combination of withdrawal, and a relatively normal reaction to the detrimental effects from withdrawal. Like, fatigue plus worse mood makes poor social skills, which makes worse mood, less drive to do anything, less productivity in general, which leads to worse mood, and so on, and this might be the biggest problem for you right now. If you are a student who is not currently employed and in job-seeking mode (though, with the fatigue, behind on this), or something similar, I would just start back up again, then quit when I'm going to be doing something all day anyways.

taylor
Nov 21, 2004

blueblaze posted:

Edit - all right, I am exaggerating a little. Upon taking the pill I do tend to find that I'm more likely to get off my butt and do chores around the house, but I'm not feeling any more inclined to work on my long-term goals. In fact, it completely deadens my desire for almost everything other than organizing and cleaning my apartment. And this was the one big thing that I wanted to fix, as others in the thread have mentioned how they abandoned certain hobbies they used to have while taking meds.

It's easy to recognize all of this. The drugs are working as usual, and you are now procrastinating. Ask anyone: do you clean your room when you have a big project to work on? The answer will always be yes.

Motivation to work on long term goals at any given time is something you have to do yourself. No drugs out there will change that. In fact, you can only get mania like this two ways: bipolar disorder, and as an initial response to amphetamines or cocaine or ritalin. Mania is nice at first, sure, but it's best to think of the honeymoon period as a mild form of a debilitating disorder: if you had that effect long term, you would not in fact be better off, since you'd be switching projects often, starting too many, spending too much money, and so on like other manic people, etc. Just because you didn't have it long enough to have the negative effects emerge, doesn't mean it's even desirable in the long run (if it were even possible to get).

I think a lot of people try drugs like Adderall, get the honeymoon effect, don't really understand it, and then spend a long time chasing it. It's really unfortunate.

If you want to work on long term projects, start doing them. If you've wanted to read a book, then do it. Not at home, but by going to a park or a library or school. Once there, with the drugs, you'll be able to read all day. That is how all of the drugs work, but you do have to do a tiny bit of work yourself to accomplish them.

taylor
Nov 21, 2004

signalnoise posted:

It is true with anything that will bond with calcium (many, many medications), but it only really matters if you take the medication within an hour or two of the calcium.

This includes multivitamins, by the way. If you are taking any kind of calcium supplement you may want to consider spacing it out from other medications that you are taking. Calcium is a real rear end in a top hat.

Yet making your stomach a less acidic environment via calcium (e.g. tums) will increase absorption of amphetamines, in addition to binding to them. I always found that if I had dairy with breakfast them the medication was effective, but I think that this is due to calcium plus a large meal rather than calcium per se.

taylor
Nov 21, 2004

signalnoise posted:

If you are having to take calcium as an antacid on a daily basis, that is different and should probably be dealt with with an acid reducer rather than an antacid. The major ones are Nexium, Prilosec, and Prevacid, two of which you can get over the counter (but you shouldn't cause they are loving expensive that way). If you are poor like myself, bring it up with your primary care physician and you can get a prescription for Zantac which is very cheap via prescription.

As far as "increasing absorption in addition to binding" this is the wrong way to think of it. The problem with calcium binding to any of your medications is it causes them to not be absorbed. I am not sure if this is the case with amphetamines, but with any medication that binds to calcium, taking calcium as an acid reducer will not cancel out the effect of your medicine getting hijacked by the calcium. Ask your pharmacist for specifics on this, they should be able to tell you if whatever medication you're taking is at risk for calcium hijacking.

Just to clarify, I don't take tums all the time or anything. I was just pointing out that absorption depends on the pH of your stomach, so that the more acidic it is, the less likely the salts are to leave the stomach. This is also true for peeing it out: if your urine is more acidic, the salts will be there in higher concentration.

wikipedia page on adderall posted:

Urinary and stomach pH levels can have a strong effect on DL-amphetamine excretion and absorption.[25] An acidic stomach and GI pH will decrease the absorption of Adderall,[10] and acidic urine levels will decrease the reabsorption of the drug through the renal system.[26] Co-administration of acidic substances (e.g., citric acid) causes decreased renal reabsorption of DL-amphetamine; whereas, alkaline agents (e.g., antacids) may cause a marked increase in renal tubular reabsorption. The increased reabsorption can increase the retention of amphetamines, with potential to result in dangerously high serum levels.[26]

This is why I said that if calcium does bind to amphetamine salts, there are two factors: binding preventing absorption and lower pH increasing absorption. (I also meant to say large meals with calcium seemed less effective -- like cereal or protein shakes, not that it was effective. Missing words suck. Not sure if this is actually true though.)

taylor fucked around with this message at 14:58 on Oct 28, 2011

taylor
Nov 21, 2004
Are you allowed to buy schedules prescription drugs from other countries, or is that always illegal? Because only the USA has shot itself in the foot the weird laws + incompetence thing. There is no shortage whatsoever in Canada.

taylor
Nov 21, 2004

strange posted:

Does anyone else get a gross taste in their mouth when taking their meds, specifically methylphenidate/Ritalin/Concerta? Or am I just gross?

I've taken to drinking more water (which I drink a tonne of anyway) but other than brushing my teeth/swirling mouthwash multiple times throughout the day I can't really think what else to do.

See a dentist about this. Your mouth is probably dry or drier than it should be and this can cause problems. I got gingivitis because I had dry mouth and subsequently drank lots of water and used (non-alcoholic) mouthwash a few times a day as my initial reaction. Well, I had reddish gums for three or four days until replaced the water+mouthwash with gum with Xylitol in it.

This was after I had an usually dry mouth during the mornings/afternoon for a couple months due to a change in stimulant medication, but I assumed that normal care + drinking lots of water for hydration would be okay, and now have to see a periodontist. I probably don't have anything serious with respect to infections, but apparently this resulted in a little bit of (always irreversible) gum recession on a tooth that had some already from braces.

Any of bad breath or gross or metallic taste in mouth even after brushing your teeth/tongue is a sign that you might be developing gum disease or have an infection of some sort. I didn't have any issues with breath, but whatever it is that's causing it for you, it's probably something you want to get checked out just in case.

taylor
Nov 21, 2004

Dick Smegma posted:

I'm about to have a month break from college. I have been on adderall IR for about a year and its going pretty well. Should I talk to my doctor about trying something else such as Ritalin or Dexedrine? I'm wondering because what if there is "something better" then adderall? Im not sure how to bring it up. Does anyone have any experience with this?

Adderall gives you the most effects for the least amount of amphetamines in your system. However, ritalin has a slightly different mechanism of action (e.g.,it merely blocks reuptake of dopamine, and does not cause vesicles holding on to the dopamine in your neurons to release this dopamine into the body of the neuron). In the case of dexedrine, there are less PNS effects, and you do not get the synergistic effects of levoamphetamine. It is hard to say without any detailed description of the mechanism of action and your specific reactions to the drug. Are you suffering from excess sweatiness, dry mouthm etc? L-amphetamine has more of an effect on you peripheral nervous system (body) than your central nevous system (brain/brainstem) than dexedrine does, so dexedrine might be a good alternative if you have distressing physiological side effects to Adderall like excessive sweatiness.

Anyways, if it works, keep with it. There is no objectively best thing in general for everyone no matter who they are, or anything necessarily better than Adderall in all possible contexts or even most of the time.

taylor
Nov 21, 2004

Dolemite posted:

1When I last talked to my doctor, he said he'll write a prescription for Concerta if I cannot fill the Adderall one. For those of you on Concerta, does it work immediately like Adderall? I remember hearing of certain medications for ADHD that require you taking it for a good month before it starts to work!

2I am hearing that pharmacies can usually get Adderall XR, it's just the IR that's hard to find. I assume that's because the IR is easier for dicks to snort up and get high off of?

3What will be the difference if I go with the XR version of Adderall (instead of trying Concerta)? Will it work as well as IR? For some reason, my last psych suggested the IR and just kinda mumbled something about how it works better than XR.
1 - It works the same day you take it, but there isn't a significant "honeymoon effect" like you get with Adderall, which is where the drug is extra potent for the first few days.

2 - My guess is that IR has a faster turnover rate than XR, since pharmacies probably only carry 100 or some number of pills at a time and people go through several IR pills a day.

3 - Should be fine, since there is no huge difference. If you think about how it enters and leaves your system, then its easy to see the difference though. With IR, you have, say, 10mg and this peaks within an hour giving you a blood concentration of , say, "5". Then it starts being eliminated from your system, and later you have another one, so there is another rapid peak of concentration 6, and so on. With IR, you have higher peaks of the drug in your body, but also lower lows in between dosage. Extended release in contrast does not reach the same levels in your blood, but the concentration is more consistent throughout the day (so it might rise to a peak of 4, but stay near this level for a long time). You can find the graphs of how it is released in your blood by googling it. The extra high peaks are extra helpful at getting started on things like homework, so that's why it is better in a way.

taylor
Nov 21, 2004

Dolemite posted:


So you don't 'feel' anything with Concerta as you do with Adderall? One reason why I'd be bummed to have to switch is that I like the feeling when Adderall relaxes me. It's like drinking a coffee that lasts all day.

And on a day when the meds are really working, boosts my mood up too. Hopefully Concerta can do some of those things too.

Welp, time to canvas the pharmacies around here and see what I can find...

You do feel it for sure, it is just that this feeling doesn't also come with a few days of ultra productivity where you clear your long to-do list you've racked up over the last few months. When you start Concerta, it will be much more like when you've been on Adderall for a couple months. In contrast, if you just start Adderall, it will be as if you had a double dosage for the first few days, in terms of its effectiveness.

taylor
Nov 21, 2004

GenericOverusedName posted:

The caffeine thing reminds me, do I have to worry about alcohol with most ADD meds? I'm not starting them till next week, but the bupropion I've been on knocks me the gently caress out when I have just a single glass of wine which really sucks.

E: And I'm not exactly sure what my doc will start me on first, and I should probably ask her about it anyways but goon anecdotes are always good!
I never had any issues with alcohol when combined with either amphetamines like Adderall or with Concerta/Ritalin/methylphenidate. The latter turns into ethylphenidate if you drink, but as far as I can tell it makes no noticeable difference. Plus, you'll generally be drinking at times when most of the ritalin/adderall is out of your body anyways.

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taylor
Nov 21, 2004

blueblaze posted:

(1) Came up with some questions just now. If ADD is basically a dysfunction of executive functioning then can these abilities be improved through training or exercises?

(2) Where do you draw the line between someone who has ADD and someone who doesn't when each person will benefit from adderall as a study drug?

(3) I mean, do stimulants like adderall only improve focus for a short period of time for non-add'ers but has a more pronounced effect across all executive functions for those with ADD?
1 - It can be. Strenuous exercise in general improves executive function. Of course, it is rarely sufficient to treat ADHD symptoms when they are at a clinical level.

2 - Generally the line is drawn when it produces significant distress and significantly interferes with functioning at home, work or school. And, in addition, this has to be caused by a difficulty in maintaining focus or some similar attention issue, rather than some other illness or cause.

3 - They generally have similar effects, despite what is sometimes claimed. There is no single common characteristic in the brain other than a difficulty concentrating that is found among people who take stimulants for ADHD. It is not even close to true that unless you really have ADHD, Adderall will not help you focus. Maybe people without ADHD have lower dosages where it's most effective.

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