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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booing
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# ¿ Dec 18, 2012 22:18 |
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# ¿ Mar 28, 2024 17:41 |
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Stercobilin is a tetrapyrrolic bile pigment and is one end-product of heme catabolism.[1][2] It is the chemical responsible for the brown color of human fecal material[1]
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# ¿ Feb 2, 2013 07:50 |
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The Atlantean language is a constructed language created by Marc Okrand for Disney's film Atlantis: The Lost Empire. The language was intended as a possible "mother language" and was therefore crafted to include a vast Indo-European word stock with its very own grammar, which is at times described as highly agglutinative, inspired in Sumerian and North American languages. The decision of this language being a possible "mother language" was actually a decision made by the script-writers of the movie, and not by Marc Okrand himself, who followed this presumption upon its creation. Concept/Origin The Atlantean language (Dig Adlantisag) is a historically constructed, artistic language put together by Marc Okrand for Disney’s 2001 film Atlantis: The Lost Empire and associated media,[1] The Atlantean language is therefore based both on historic reconstructions or realities as well as on the elaborate fantasy/science fiction of the Atlantis: The Lost Empire mythos. Here are the fictional bases upon which the Atlantean language was created: Atlantean is the “Tower of Babel language”, the “root dialect” from which all languages descended. It has existed without change since sometime before 100,000 B.C., within the First or Second Age of Atlantis until the present. This is when the Mother Crystal (Matag Yob) descended to Earth and brought enlightenment to the Atlantean people. It is preserved by the presence of the Mother Crystal in the same way that The Shepherd’s Journal, the City of Atlantis (Wil Adlantisag), the Atlantean people (luden), and especially its royalty (yaseken) are preserved, healed, and given extended blissful life.[2] To create this, Dr. Okrand took common characteristics of all world languages and applied them to the Proto-Indo-European language. His main source of words (roots and stems) for the language is Proto-Indo-European,[1] but Okrand also uses ancient Chinese, Biblical Hebrew, Latin and Greek languages, along with a variety of other ancient languages or ancient language reconstructions.[3][4][5] Writing systems There are three identified writing systems for Atlantean: 1. Writers Script[6] 2. The Atlantean Alphabet[7] 3. Reader’s Script[8] AHD-luhn-tihs[citation needed][clarification needed] They are listed in order of creation. Okrand originally put together the language in Writer’s Script. For those many parts in the movie for which it was written, the filmmakers wrote it using the Atlantean Alphabet, created by John Emerson with the help of Marc Okrand. For those fewer parts of the movie for which it is spoken, Okrand devised a Berlitz-style notation which he hoped would make the Atlantean easier to read for the actors.[7] Example: 1. Spirits of Atlantis, forgive me for defiling your chamber and bringing intruders into the land. 2. Nish.en.top Adlantis.ag, Kelob.tem Gabr.in karok.li.mik bet gim demot.tem net getunos.en.tem bernot.li.mik bet kag.ib lewid.yoh. (Okrand's original wouldn't have had periods; these are used for the translation below.) 3. NEE-shen-toap AHD-luhn-tih-suhg, KEH-loab-tem GAHB-rihn KAH-roak-lih-mihk bet gihm DEH-moat-tem net GEH-tuh-noh-sen-tem behr-NOAT-lih-mihk bet KAH-gihb LEH-wihd-yoakh. (Spirit.Plural.Vocative Atlantis.Genitive, Chamber.Oblique you-plural-familiar.Genitive defile.Past-Perfect.1st-Person-Singular for and land.Oblique into intruder.Plural.Oblique bring.Past-Perfect.1st-Person-Singular for I-Dative forgive.Imperative-Plural.) (Written boustrophedon, as if in Atlantean alphabet: ) NISHENTOP ADLANTISAG KELOBTEM MIG TEB KIMILKORAK NIRBAG DEMOTTEM NET GETANOSENTEM BIGAK TEB KIMILTONREB LEWIDYOH[9] Atlantean alphabet: use and sources Writing systems correspondence Here’s how they all correspond to one another.[6][10][11] For sake of standardization, they are arranged according to a fan-composed alphabet. It is based on the oldest example of the Northern Semitic Abecedary as found in the Ugaritic language. The Atlantean Alphabet as Used in the Movie pre:Writers Script a b g d e w h i y k l m u n o p r s sh t Readers Script uh ah b g d eh e w kh ee ih y k l m oo u n oa,oh p r s sh t Atlantean alphabet: use There is no punctuation or capitalization in the Atlantean Writing System. These characteristics are based by Okrand on ancient writing systems. The Atlantean Alphabet is written in normal boustrophedon writing order. It is written left to right for the first line, right to left the second, and left to right again the third, to continue the pattern. This order was also suggested by Okrand, based on ancient writing systems, and it was accepted because, as he explained, "It's a back-and-forth movement, like water, so that worked."[1][6] Atlantean numerals and numbers Atlantean numeral system Joe Emerson, Marc Okrand, and the filmmakers also created numerals for 0-9. They are stacked horizontally, however, and hold place values of 1, 20, and 400. Their components are based on Mayan numerals and internally composed for the font (example above) like Roman numerals. If used according to the now-offline Official Website's directions, they are used, alternatively, like Arabic numerals.[1][7][12] Atlantean numbers and suffixes Cardinal numbers[13] pre:Numeral Atlantean root English 1 din one 2 dut two 3 sey three 4 kut four 5 sha five 6 luk six 7 tos seven 8 ya eight 9 nit nine 10 ehep ten 30 sey dehep[14] thirty Fractions are formed with the suffix (d)lop: kut 'four', kut.lop 'quarter', sha 'five', sha.dlop 'fifth (part)'.[16] Distributives are formed with the suffix noh: din 'one', din.noh 'one at a time, one each'.[15] Grammar Vowels and diphthongs Chart of Atlantean vowels pre:IPA Symbol Readers Script Writers Script Example in IPA Meaning Example in IPA Meaning /i, ɪ;/ ee, ih, i i ti'kʊdɛ to be located ˈalɪʃ child /e, ɛ/ eh, e e we'sɛr marketplace /eɪ/ ay ey ba'dɛɡbej best /a, ə/ ah, uh a ma'kɪtəɡ of the king /aɪ/ i ay kaj'tən 7 cm /o, ɔ/ oh, o, oa o o'bɛs lava /oɪ/ oy oy ri'sojba squid /u, ʊ/ oo, u u ku'nɛt surface kʊt four Consonants IPA chart of Atlantean consonants pre:Bilabial Alveolar Alveolo-palatal Palatal Velar Labiovelar Plosive p b t d k ɡ Nasal m n Fricative s ʃ[1] x[2] Approximant j[3] w Trill r Lateral l Notes: 1, ^ Transliterated as sh in Writers Script and Readers Script. 2. ^ Transliterated as h in Writers Script (bibɪx, inner cover of Subterranean Tours) and "kh" in Readers Script. 3. ^ Transliterated as y in Writers Script and Readers Script. Phonology Aside from the stressed-syllable-based vowel system, the only other example of phonology found in the entire language may be expressed as: ∅ → [m,n][which?] in the context of [i,o/e]_-Person/Aspect Suffix[clarification needed] /bernot-o-ik/ /bernot-o-mik/ [bernot-o-mik] n → [k,t][which?] in the context of _[i,o] /bernot-e-ik/ /bernot-e-nik/ /bernot-e-kik/ [bernot-e-kik] Word order Atlantean has a very strict Subject-Object-Verb word order. There is never any deviation from the pattern. Adjectives and Genitive Nouns go after the nouns which they modify, post-positions go after the nouns or clauses which they modify, and modals go after the verbs which they modify and subsequently take all agglutinative suffixes. However, adverbs go before their verbs. Last of all are the interrogative particles.[1] The given order of all parts of speech and particles is as follows in both an interrogative and declarative statement (a little redundant in order to use the whole sentence): Sentence Order pre:Word Example English Gloss Adverbs of Time, Manner, Location Log What Time, Manner, Location Adverbial Nouns darim time Instrumental Cased Nouns shayod.esh using.hands Adverbs ser just Adjectives gwis.in our Nominative Cased Nouns weydagosen Visitors Post-positional Objects/ Oblique Cased Nouns keylob.tem (in) the chamber Adjectives ta.mil royal Possessive Pronouns tug.in his Post-position net in Dative/Oblique Cased Nouns makit.tem The King Genitive Cased Nouns of Relation Adlantis.ag of Atlantis Post-Positions gom to Accusative Cased Nouns neshing.mok.en.tem great contrivances Adverb gawid.in joyfully Verb with Modal Verb bernot to bring Modal Verb [stem.mood.tense/aspect.person/number] bog.o.mkem we will be able Interrogative Particle du eh? (North Central American English / Canadian English) Final Explanation At what time will we visitors be able to use our very hands to joyfully give our great contrivances to the King of Atlantis in his Royal Chamber?[1][20] Clause order 1, Example 1 pre:Clause or Particle Example English Gloss Initial Clause "Wil.tem neb gamos.e.tot..." "He sees this city..." Sentence connector 1 deg (roughly) "for" Modifying Clause duwer.en tirid. all foreigners. Final Explanation No outsiders may see the city and live. More literally, " 'He Who Doth the City See...' is meant for ALL foreigners.'[1] pre:Clause or Particle Example English Gloss Initial Clause Tab.top, lud.en neb.et kwam gesu bog.e.kem Father, we cannot help these people Sentence connector 1 deg (roughly) "and yet" Modifying Clause yasek.en gesu.go.ntoh. they will help the Royalty. Final Explanation Father, these people may be able to help us. More literally, "Father, we can't help these people and yet they will help us, the King and Princess."[1] pre:Clause or Particle Example English Gloss Descriptive Clause Ketak.en.tem obes.ag sapoh.e.kik I view the lava whales Sentence connector 2 yos (roughly) "then" Action Clause lat nar badeg.bey tikud.e.tot dap? where is the best place? Final Explanation Where is the best place from which to view the lava whales?[1][21] There are seven cases for nouns. Grammatical cases pre:Number Name Suffix Example English Gloss 1 Nominative no suffix yob crystal 2 Oblique -tem yobtem the crystal give, in the crystal, to the crystal, etc. 3 Genitive -ag yobag of the crystal 4 Vocative -top [1] Yobtop O Crystal! 5 Instrumental -esh yobesh using crystal 6 Unknown 1 -kup [2] yobkup (something) crystal 7 Unknown 2 -nuh [3] yobnuh (something) crystal 1. ^ With the exception of "mat", "mother", which takes the special Maternal Filial Suffix -tim. Note that the only other kinship term, "father", "tab", takes the usual -top. 2. ^ No translation given. As discussed in "The Shepherd's Journal" on the "Collector's DVD": ketub-kup (page 4) and setub-mok-en-tem (page 10), setub-mok-en-ag (page 5), and setub-kup (pages 1–4). 3. ^ No translation given. As discussed in "The Shepherd's Journal" on the "Collector's DVD": derup-tem and derup-nuh (page 5). Other suffixes Other Noun Suffixes pre:Grammatical Function Suffix Example English Gloss Plural -en yoben crystals Augmentative -mok Yobmok The Great Crystal Pronouns There are five cases for pronouns. Grammatical cases pre:Number Name Suffix Example English Gloss 1 Nominative no suffix kag I 2 Accusative -it kagit me, whom was (sent), etc. 3 Dative -ib kagib (to) me 4 Genitive -in kagin my ( my heart, karod kagin) 5 Unknown -is kagis not translated[1] 1. ^ No translation given. Appears in "First Mural Text" on the "Collector's DVD": tug-is. Verbs Verbs are inflected with two suffixes, one for tense/aspect and the next for person/number.[1] Tense/Aspect suffixes pre:Number Name Suffix Example English Gloss 1 Simple Present Tense -e bernot.e.kik I bring 2 Present Perfect Tense -le bernot.le.kik you have brought 3 Present Obligatory Tense -se bernot.se.kik I am obliged to bring 4 Simple Past Tense -i bernot.i.mik I brought 5 Immediate Past Tense -ib bernot.ib.mik I just brought 6 Past Perfect Tense -li bernot.li.mik I had brought 7 Simple Future Tense -o bernot.o.mik I will bring 8 Future Possible Tense -go bernot.go.mik I may bring 9 Future Perfect Tense -lo bernot.lo.mik I will have brought 10 Future Obligatory Tense -so bernot.so.mik I will be obliged to bring pre:-e sapoh.i.mik (SJ:10) I viewed sapoh.e.kik (ST) I view -le yube.in/yugeb.le.tot (IS) strangly/he is being strange panneb.le.nen (IS) you are knowing peren.le.mot (DVD:MURAL) Untranslated. pasil.le.tot (IS) it is being sufficient -se kaber (SJ:789) warn! kaber.se.kem we are obliged to warn -i es.e.tot (ST) it is es.i.mot (SJ:10) it will be -ib bernot.li.mik (IS) I had brought bernot.ib.mik (IS) I just brought -li bernot.ib.mik (IS) I just brought bernot.li.mik (IS) I had brought -o komtib.lo.nen (SJ:5) you will have found komtib.o.nen (SJ:5) you will find -go satib.yoh (IS) move along! satib.go.ntoh (SJ:89) they may move along gesu.go.ntoh (IS) they may help -lo komtib.o.nen (SJ:5) you will find komtib.lo.nen (SJ:5) you will have found -so komtib.lo.nen (IS) you will have found komtib.so.nen (SJ:5) you will be obliged to find pre:Number Name Suffix Example English Gloss 1 Imperative Mood Singular no suffix (Tok.it) Bernot! Bring (it, you)! 2 Imperative Mood Plural -yoh (Tok.it) Bernot.yoh! Bring (it, y'all)! 3 Passive Mood -esh (Im.tem shib.an) bernot.esh.ib.mik. I just was brought (something). 4 Infinitive -e bernot.e to bring pre:Number Name Suffix Example English Gloss no suffix nageb.o.ntoh (SJ:789) they will enter Nageb.yoh (ST) Enter, y'all! Nageb! Enter! -yoh gamos.i.mik (DVD:TRAVEL) I saw Gamos.yoh! (DVD:MURAL) May ye behold! gamos.e (DVD:MURAL) to see Beket! (ST) You're begged! Beket.yoh! (ST) Y'all are begged! -esh pag.en (ST) you (are) thanked (short form) pag.esh.e.nen (ST) you are thanked dodl.esh.mik (DVD:MURAL) Untranslated. kobden.en/hobd.esh.e.tot (IS) command / he has doomed -e wegen.os/wegen.e (IS) traveler/to travel wegen.os/wegen.e (IS) traveler/to travel gamos.yoh (DVD:MURAL) May ye behold! gamos.e (DVD:MURAL) to see gobeg.en/gobeg.e arms/to be an arm pre:Person Number Familiarity Independent Pronoun Suffix English Gloss 1st Singular - kag -ik I 2nd Singular - moh -en you 3rd Singular - tug tuh tok -ot he she it 1st Plural - gwis -kem we 2nd Plural Unfamiliar gebr -eh you-all (unfamiliar) 2nd Plural Familiar gabr -eh you-all (familiar) 3rd Plural - sob -toh they ·Atlantis: The Lost Empire, the film for which the language was created. ·Constructed language ·Marc Okrand, creator of the Atlantean language. References 1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Production Notes." Atlantis-The Lost Empire. Ed. Tim Montgomery, 1996-2007. The Unofficial Disney Animation Archive. 13 January 2007. Animationarchive.net[dead link] 2. ^ Kurtti, Jeff. The Mythical World of Atlantis: Theories of the Lost Empire from Plato to Disney. New York: Disney Editions, 2001, 48-56, 88, 89. 3. ^ Kalin-Casey, Mary. “Charting Atlantis the crew behind Disney’s latest animated adventure takes you behind the scenes.” Features Interviews. 17 January 2007 Reel.com[dead link] 4. ^ Murphy, Tab, Platon, David Reyolds, Gary Trousdale, Joss Whedon, Kirk Wise, Bryce Zabel, and Jackie Zabel. Atlantis the Lost Empire: The Illustrated Script [Abridged Version with Notes from the Filmmakers], 55. 5. ^ Henn, Peter (June 1, 2001). "Finding Atlantis". Film Journal International. Retrieved August 30, 2011. 6. ^ a b c Wloszczyna, Susan. “New movie trek for wordsmith.” USA Today Online. 24 May 2001. 12 Jan. 2007. USA Today 7. ^ a b c Anderson, Matt. “Parlez-vous Atlantean?” Movie Habit. 12 January 2006 Moviehabit.com 8. ^ Henning, Jeffery. “Atlantean: Language of the Lost Empire” Langmaker.com. Jeffrey Henning. 1996-2005. 12 January 2006 Langmaker.com "Interview of Don Hahn on Atlantis!" Animagic.Com. 3/26/01. 9. ^ Murphy, Tab, Platon, David Reyolds, Gary Trousdale, Joss Whedon, Kirk Wise, Bryce Zabel, and Jackie Zabel. Atlantis the Lost Empire: The Illustrated Script [Abridged Version with Notes from the Filmmakers], 85 10. ^ Kurtti, Jeff. Atlantis Subterranean Tours: A Traveler’s Guide to the Lost City (Atlantis the Lost Empire). New York: Disney Editions: 2001, Inside Front Cover. 11. ^ Hahn, Don; Wise, Kirk; Trousdale, Gary et al. 2-Disc Collector’s Edition: Atlantis: The Lost Empire, especially Features "How to Speak Atlantean", "The Shepherd's Journal". 12. ^ John, David. Atlantis: The Lost Empire: The Essential Guide. New York: Dorling Kindersley Publishing, Inc., 2001, 33. 13. ^ Kurtti, Jeff. Atlantis Subterranean Tours: A Traveler’s Guide to the Lost City (Atlantis the Lost Empire). New York: Disney Editions: 2001, 60. 14. ^ Kurtti, Jeff. Atlantis Subterranean Tours: A Traveler’s Guide to the Lost City (Atlantis the Lost Empire). New York: Disney Editions: 2001, 31. 15. ^ a b Ehrbar, Greg. Atlantis: The Lost Empire. Milwaukee: Dark Horse Comics: June 2001. 16. ^ Hahn, Don; Wise, Kirk; Trousdale, Gary et al. 2-Disc Collector’s Edition: Atlantis: The Lost Empire, 01 10 0:50:31. 17. ^ Murphy, Tab, Platon, David Reyolds, Gary Trousdale, Joss Whedon, Kirk Wise, Bryce Zabel, and Jackie Zabel. Atlantis the Lost Empire: The Illustrated Script [Abridged Version with Notes from the Filmmakers], 58. 18. ^ Kurtti, Jeff. Atlantis Subterranean Tours: A Traveler’s Guide to the Lost City (Atlantis the Lost Empire). New York: Disney Editions: 2001, page 61. · Cynthia, Benjamin. "Atlantis: The Lost Empire : Welome to my World." New York: Random House: 2001. · Ehrbar, Greg. "Atlantis: The Lost Empire." Milwaukee: Dark Horse Comics: June 2001. · Hahn, Don; Wise, Kirk; Trousdale, Gary et al. "2-Disc Collector’s Edition: Atlantis: The Lost Empire." · "Disney Adventures" magazine, Summer Issue 2001. · Howard, James N. "Atlantis: The Lost Empire An Original Walt Disney Records Soundtrack" : Limited Tiwanese Edition. Taiwan and Hong Kong: Walt Disney Records: Represented by Avex: 2001. · Kurtti, Jeff. "Atlantis Subterranean Tours: A Traveler’s Guide to the Lost City (Atlantis the Lost Empire)." New York: Disney Editions: 2001. · Kurtti, Jeff. "The Journal of Milo Thatch." New York: Disney Editions: 2001. · Murphy, Tab et al. "Atlantis, the Lost Empire : The Illustrated Script." New York : Disney Editions: 2001. External links · Atlantean Language Institute - Provides a dictionary, grammar guide, and corpus · Henning's Old Introduction to the Language · Atlantean alphabet on Omiglot
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# ¿ Apr 29, 2013 21:44 |
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long enough to feel bad for wasting a lot of time making fun of other people for wasting a lot of time. i also noticed that "yos" is an atlantean word and I found an error in one of their tables that i could easily fix but i won't.
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# ¿ Apr 29, 2013 22:30 |
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There are many myths regarding people with hearing losses including, but not limited to: 4. All deaf/hard of hearing people are experts in Deaf Culture. - Deaf people may have a variety of different beliefs, experiences, and methods of communication.[44]
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# ¿ Nov 13, 2013 09:11 |
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# ¿ Jul 24, 2015 08:31 |
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The subliminal advertising involved with the Pepsi Globe logo is also extensive. The different logos and packaging designs have been intended to represent the human body, rediscovery of the Vitruvian principles and their publication, Chinese art of placement and spatial arrangement and many other representations that may not seem clear or obvious from just a glance at a Pepsi Bottle. The most famous visual representation is the Pepsi Globe logo’s representation of The Earth. The swirling horizontal stripe running through the center of the globe provides a visual representation of the earth’s constant movement around its own axis and around the sun. The stripe also represents a naturally occurring electric generator in fluid motion generating and sustaining the magnetic field of the Earth. This marketing has resulted in an extremely recognizable logo and an aid to a profitable venture.
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# ¿ Oct 10, 2018 06:18 |
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# ¿ Sep 28, 2019 23:05 |
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# ¿ Mar 28, 2024 17:41 |
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Synopsis This is a story about love and deception. The deceptions come in every form - outright lies, obfuscations, failure to speak up, misleading silence, misdirection, rampant insincerity. Against this tidal wave, the main characters fight to find happiness. Their battles never fail to engage.
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# ¿ Dec 18, 2023 00:25 |